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These pods may be running on different physical Nodes of the cluster. To load balance to service instances in pods, networking is setup to reach the service in these pods. Any traffic destined to Cluster IP is load-balanced across pods (in which the service runs). Kubernetes uses an abstraction of a Cluster IP. When traffic is destined to this service (spread on two pods across two nodes), how does Kubernetes load balance traffic across them? As an example, say a service is spread across two pods that reside on two physical nodes. Each of these pods can reside on one physical node or multiple physical nodes. Making a Service accessible across Node boundaries #Ī service resides in a pod or several pods. These callbacks result in the invocation of CNI provider services to setup IP addresses for the pod and connecting the pod network with the host network. When Kubernetes creates a pod, it invokes the CNI callbacks. Popular examples of CNI are calico, cilium, flannel, etc. Container Networking Interface or CNI sets up the networking associated with creating a traffic path between the node and pod. To reach this service (or IP address inside the pod), there needs to be routing/bridging that creates a path between the pod network and the host network.
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A pod created by Kubernetes creates an isolated network stack for the services that run inside the pod. The physical nodes have their own network stack. Kubernetes builds an abstraction of a cluster on top of multiple physical nodes or machines. So how do you access this service? Making Service in Pod accessible to host network stack # An IP address allocated on this pod network (for the service) isn’t accessible outside the pod. What does this mean for a service? A service runs inside a pod in the pod’s network. The diagram below shows two pods created on each node. When Kubernetes creates a pod, it is run in its own isolated network (using network namespace). Kubernetes orchestrates containers or pods (which is a group of containers). Let us consider a simple Kubernetes cluster with two nodes Network isolation of Service running in Kubernetes Pods # We highlight the need for Ingress and how it fits into the overall Kubernetes networking model. To understand these different aspects of Kubernetes networking, we start by describing what happens when a service is created in a pod all the way to accessing that service in public and private cloud.
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working with Kubernetes networking in public and private cloud environments.controlling external access to a service.load balancing of traffic across multiple instances of a service.setup networking to build a cluster abstraction out of several physical nodes.connection, networking and IP allocation for pods.Cluster Networking Requirements #Ĭluster networking in Kubernetes has several requirements Starting with cluster networking requirements provides us an opportunity of why networking is setup the way it is. We also describe the significance of different types of IPs like External-IP, Node-IP, Cluster-IP, Pod-IP and describe how traffic passes through each one of them. We look at networking when a service is created, the different Kubernetes artifacts created, the networking machinery required to meet different requirements. This article is an attempt to demystify how Kubernetes networking is setup. Understanding Kubernetes Ingress is key to running microservices and securely accessing those services. Understanding the scheme of Kubernetes Networking # We conclude by contrasting the advantages of using an Ingress to run a layer of L7 policy (or proxies) in front of a service running inside Kubernetes.
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Once the high level requirements are laid out, it is easier to understand the significance of different constructs and abstractions. We briefly start by exploring what is expected from a kubernetes cluster when it comes to service isolation, service scaling and service delivery. Securely allowing access to a service outside the cluster requires some understanding of how networking is setup and the different requirements driving the networking choices. This is how Kubernetes is designed considering service security in mind. Services running in Kubernetes are not accessible on public or private cloud. Advantages of Using EnRoute Ingress Controller Proxy.Accessing Service on a Public Cloud with or without Ingress.Understanding the scheme of Kubernetes Networking.